Thermal and nonlinear-optic activity characterizations of the chromophores and polyurethanes have been done. Chemical structure of chromophores and polyurethanes was characterized by 1H-NMR, FT-IR and UV-vis spectra. And then selected chromophores have been used as monomers to prepare polyurethane NLO materials. Spindle-like chromophores (OHSTC-1 - OHSTC-4) bearing 3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl, phenyl, trifluoromethylphenyl and 4-methoxylphenyl on the conjugated bridge as lateral groups have been successfully synthesized respectively.
Novel polyurethane NLO materials (IPDI-1 - IPDI-3) containing different spindle-like chromophores have been designed and synthesized. This is far from exhaustive but enough to give an overview of the huge potential of these materials in photonics and optics (254 references). In the present critical review, we have focused our attention on three main research areas: passive and active optical hybrid sol-gel materials, and integrated optics. From the first hybrid material with optical functional properties that has been obtained by incorporation of an organic dye in a silica matrix, the research in the field has quickly evolved towards more sophisticated systems, such as multifunctional and/or multicomponent materials, nanoscale and self-assembled hybrids and devices for integrated optics. The high versatility of sol-gel processing offers a wide range of possibilities to design tailor-made materials in terms of structure, texture, functionality, properties and shape modelling. The interest in organic-inorganic hybrids as materials for optics and photonics started more than 25 years ago and since then has known a continuous and strong growth. As an outlook we show that the controlled coupling between plasmonics and luminescence is opening a land of opportunities in the field of "Hybrid-Optics". Emphasis will be given to luminescent, photochromic, NLO and plasmonic properties. This review describes most of the recent advances performed in this field. Indeed, numerous optical devices based on hybrids are already in, or very close, to the market. In particular, the field of "Hybrid-Optics" has been very productive not only scientifically but also in terms of applications. This, in turn, makes it possible to tailor and fine-tune many properties (mechanical, optical, electronic, thermal, chemical.) in very broad ranges, and to design specific multifunctional systems for applications. Today a high degree of control over both composition and nanostructure of these hybrids can be achieved allowing tunable structure-property relationships. Indeed, mild synthetic conditions, low processing temperatures provided by "chimie douce" and the versatility of the colloidal state allow for the mixing of the organic and inorganic components at the nanometer scale in virtually any ratio to produce the so called hybrid materials. Research on hybrid inorganic-organic materials has experienced an explosive growth since the 1980s, with the expansion of soft inorganic chemistry based processes.
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